Talking With Stephen Krashen: How Do We Acquire Language?

Quick Overview

Dr. Stephen Krashen's core contribution to language acquisition is the Input Hypothesis, which states that language is acquired subconsciously solely through understanding messages, known as comprehensible input, while conscious learning (like studying grammar) only serves as a monitor or editor for output.

Key Points: Language acquisition happens subconsciously through comprehensible input; speaking, studying, or memorizing lists do not cause acquisition. Krashen distinguishes between 'acquisition' (subconscious) and 'learning' (conscious knowledge about language), noting the brain is not good at learning. Early research into the order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes showed that in testing situations, the natural order changed, suggesting conscious learning interfered with acquisition. Output functions as a result, not a cause of acquisition, and immersion programs only work well if they provide substantial comprehensible input, as demonstrated by Krashen's own positive experience in Austria. Krashen supports Steve Kaufman's advice: "don't worry about making mistakes when you talk nobody cares," emphasizing input and enjoyment over conscious correction. The widespread adoption of the Input Hypothesis is hindered because its acceptance represents a "financial disaster" for the entire language publishing industry. Fossilization may relate to a "success phobia" or output filter where speakers avoid using their full competence because they do not feel they are members of the target language 'club.'

Context: The video features an interview between the host and Dr. Stephen Krashen, originator of the Input Hypothesis, a fundamental concept in language learning methodology. The discussion centers on Krashen's thesis regarding the distinction between language acquisition and language learning, tracing the historical development of his ideas, which predate his formal work and were influenced by researchers like Frank Smith and Kenneth Goodman in the field of literacy.